Effects of Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators (SNP and GA3) on Phytoextraction by Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Grown in Lead (Pb) Contaminated Soil

Soil lead (Pb) contamination is a major environmental and public health risk. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), second-generation biofuel crop, potentially useful for the long-term phytoremediation phytoextraction of Pb contaminated soils. We evaluated efficacy coordinated foliar application plant growth regulators soil fungicide chelator in order to optimize phytoextraction. Plants were grown culture under controlled conditions. First, three exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donors at multiple concentrations: (1) S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP); (2) sodium nitroprusside (SNP); (3) S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Second, effect SNP (0.5 ?M) was examined further with model chelate EDTA propicanazole. Third, combined gibberellic acid (GA3) The propiconazole (a broad-spectrum fungicides) reduced AMF colonization allowed greater resulted similar concentrations (roots foliage) plants that challenged chelates fungicides. GA3 significantly average concentration (243 mg kg?1) foliage comparison control (182 treated alone (202 kg?1). greatest efficiency could therefore improve by switchgrass